📦 Variables & Data Types

# Variable banana
name    = "Rahul"      # String
age     = 20           # Integer
height  = 5.8         # Float
student = True        # Boolean

print(name, age, height, student)

# Ek saath multiple variables
x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
print(x, y, z)  # 10 20 30

print(type(42))       # <class 'int'>
print(type(3.14))     # <class 'float'>
print(type("Python")) # <class 'str'>
print(type(True))     # <class 'bool'>
print(type(None))     # <class 'NoneType'>

# int() — integer mein convert
print(int("42"))     # 42
print(int(3.9))     # 3 (decimal cut)

# float() — float mein
print(float("3.14")) # 3.14
print(float(5))      # 5.0

# str() — string mein
print(str(100))      # "100"

# bool() — boolean mein
print(bool(0))       # False
print(bool(1))       # True
print(bool(""))      # False (khaali string)

# Student ki info store karo
name   = "Priya Sharma"
age    = 18
marks  = 92.5
passed = True

print("=== Student Info ===")
print(f"Naam:   {name}")
print(f"Umar:   {age} saal")
print(f"Ank:    {marks}%")
print(f"Pass:   {passed}")

# Python khud type detect karta hai
x = 10        # int
x = "Hello"  # ab string! Same variable
x = 3.14     # ab float!
# Java/C++ mein yeh possible nahi — Python mein hai!

# Multiple assignment
a = b = c = 0  # teeno 0 hain
x, y = 10, 20  # tuple unpacking
a, b = b, a    # swap! Temp variable nahi chahiye

# UPPERCASE = constant (convention)
PI        = 3.14159
MAX_SIZE  = 100
DB_NAME   = "mydb.sqlite"
BASE_URL  = "https://api.example.com"

# In flags
DEBUG   = True
TESTING = False

# Student ka complete profile
name       = input("Naam: ")
roll       = int(input("Roll Number: "))
age        = int(input("Umar: "))
percentage = float(input("Percentage: "))
passed     = percentage >= 33

print("
" + "="*35)
print("     STUDENT REPORT CARD")
print("="*35)
print(f"Naam       : {name}")
print(f"Roll No    : {roll}")
print(f"Umar       : {age} saal")
print(f"Percentage : {percentage:.1f}%")
print(f"Result     : {'PASS ✅' if passed else 'FAIL ❌'}")
print("="*35)

# Chapter 2: Variables  Data Types — Advanced Examples
# Yeh code copy karo aur run karo!

# Example 1: Basic concept
print("=== Chapter 2: Variables  Data Types ===")

# Example 2: List operations
items = ["Python", "Hindi", "Code", "Practice"]
for i, item in enumerate(items, 1):
    print(f"{i}. {item}")

# Example 3: Dictionary usage
chapter_info = {
    "number": 2,
    "title":  "Variables  Data Types",
    "level":  "Beginner",
    "done":   False
}
for key, value in chapter_info.items():
    print(f"  {key:10}: {value}")

# Example 4: Function
def practice_summary(chapter, completed=False):
    status = "Complete ✅" if completed else "In Progress ⏳"
    return f"Chapter {chapter}: {status}"

print(practice_summary(2))
print(practice_summary(2, True))